“
“Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has important heritable components. In the past 20 years, knowledge in this field has greatly increased with the identification PARP inhibitor drugs of a number of gene variants causing hypercoagulability.

The two main mechanisms are loss-of-function of anticoagulant proteins and gain-of-function of procoagulants, the latter owing to increased synthesis or impaired downregulation of a normal protein or, more rarely, to synthesis of a functionally hyperactive molecule. Diagnosis of thrombophilia is useful to determine the causes of VTE, recognizing that this multifactorial disease can also be influenced by various acquired factors including cancer, surgery, trauma, prolonged immobilization, or reproduction-associated risk factors. Diagnosis of inherited thrombophilia rarely affects the acute or long-term management of VTE. However, the risk of recurrent VTE is increased in anticoagulant-deficient patients and in homozygotes for buy MK-2206 gain-of-function mutations. Screening for inherited thrombophilia in thrombosis-free

individuals is indicated only for relatives of a proband who is anticoagulant-deficient or has a family history of VTE. In families with thrombophilia and Flavopiridol manufacturer VTE, primary antithrombotic prophylaxis during risk situations lowers the rate of incident VTE. In this Review, we discuss the main causes of inherited thrombophilia, the associated clinical manifestations, and the implications for antithrombotic prophylaxis in the affected individuals.”
“Malakoplakia is a rare form of chronic granulomatous

inflammation in mammals, and usually affects the urinary tract in humans. In this report, we present a case of granulomatous nephritis consistent with malakoplakia in a 4-year-old male cynomolgus monkey. Gross examination showed that the kidney was markedly enlarged and adhered to the surrounding organs. Histology showed that there was diffuse interstitial infiltration of histiocytes with abundant foamy eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling von Hansemann cells, PAS-positive granular cytoplasm and occasional PAS- and iron-positive intracellular small inclusion bodies. Electron microscopy showed that these histiocytes contained abundant lysosomes and phagolysosomes but no obvious Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of granulomatous nephritis consistent with early malakoplakia was made. This is the first report in a monkey of a renal lesion consistent with malakoplakia.

Antigenic characteristics of glycated lysine residues in proteins together with the presence of serum autoantibodies to the glycated lysine products and lysine-rich proteins in diabetes and arthritis patients indicates that these modified lysine residues may be a novel biomarker for protein glycation in aging and age-related diseases.”
“The high-pressure behavior of molybdenum trioxides (MoO3)

has been investigated by angle-dispersive synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques in a diamond anvil cell up to 43 and 30 Cl-amidine cost GPa, respectively. In the pressure range of up to 43 GPa, structural phase transitions from the orthorhombic alpha-MoO3 phase (Pbnm) to the monoclinic MoO3-II phase (P2(1)/m), selleck and then to the monoclinic MoO3-III phase (P2(1)/c), occurred

at pressures of about 12 and 25 GPa at room temperature, respectively. Our observation of the transition from the orthorhombic alpha-MoO3 to the monoclinic MoO3-II phase is in disagreement with earlier studies in which the phase transition could not be obtained when only pressure is applied. The changes in the Mo-O distances and O-Mo-O and Mo-O-Mo angles may explain the changes in Raman spectrum. The pressure dependence of the volume of two monoclinic high-pressure phases is described by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, which yields a bulk modulus value of B-0=143.41(3) GPa with B-0(‘)=12, and B-0=261.9(3) GPa with B-0(‘)=3.5.”
“SETTING: St Peter Tuberculosis (TB) Specialized Hospital and the Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: To genotype multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates and assess the magnitude of their clustering.

DESIGN: A total of 183 consecutive MDR-TB isolates collected between September 2009 and February 2012 were characterised using molecular typing. Prior to the study, the isolates were confirmed as MDR-TB using GenoType (R) MTBDRplus. Recent transmission index was used to analyse the clusters.

RESULTS:

Spoligotyping identified 43 different patterns, Cell Cycle inhibitor of which 17 consisted of at least two isolates forming clusters, while 26 had only a single isolate. The most frequent patterns were spoligo international typing (SIT) number 21 and 149. Twenty-four patterns did not match existing patterns in the SpolDB4 database. The strains belonged to three lineages, the predominant lineages being Euro-American and Indo-Oceanic, each consisting of 65 isolates. High proportions (86%) of patients were infected with clustered strains, suggesting probable recent transmission of MDR-TB in the study area.

CONCLUSION: The observation of cluster formation of the spoligotype patterns of MDR-TB isolates could suggest transmission of MDR-TB strains among the population, thus warranting further attention.

A case-control study was undertaken at the Infertility Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Care Education and Research Hospital. The single nucleotide polymorphisms, -460 C/T and +405 C/G, in the 5′-untranslated region of the VEGF gene were tested in 98 affected women and 94 women with no laparoscopic evidence

of disease. Endometriosis was also confirmed histologically. Following genomic extraction of genomic DNA, genotyping of the -460 C/T and +405 C/G polymorphisms of the VEGF gene were performed by CA3 solubility dmso polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Nominal data were evaluated by Pearson Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test, where applicable. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Demographic data were similar among groups. The genotype and allele frequencies of the -460 C/T polymorphism did not differ significantly between cases and controls. In contrast, the genotype (P < 0.001) and allele frequencies (P < 0.001) of +405 C/G polymorphism showed a significant difference

between cases and controls. Regardless of the early or advanced stage, women with endometriosis showed a higher incidence of the +405 GC genotype and +405G allele when compared with the controls.

These data suggest that VEGF +405 GC genotype and +405G allele may be associated with the risk of developing early and advanced stage endometriosis in the Turkish population.”
“Two-age

(deferment or leave tree) harvesting is used increasingly Selleckchem NVP-LDE225 in even-aged forest management, but long-term responses of breeding VX-809 mouse avifauna to retention of residual canopy trees have not been investigated. Breeding bird surveys completed in 1994-1996 in two-age and clearcut harvests in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia, USA allowed us to document long-term changes in these stands. In 2005 and 2006, we conducted point counts in mature unharvested forest stands and in 19-26 year-old clearcut and two-age harvests from the original study and in younger clearcut and two-age stands (6-10 years old). We found differences in breeding bird metrics among these five treatments and temporal differences in the original stands. Although early-successional species are typically absent from group selection cuts, they were almost as common in young two-age stands as clearcuts, supporting two-age harvests as an alternative to clearcutting. Although older harvests had lower species richness and diversity, they were beginning to provide habitat for some species of late-successional forest songbirds that were absent or uncommon in young harvests. overall, late-successional forest-interior species were more flexible in their use of different seral stages; several species used both age classes and harvest types in addition to mature forest, which may reflect the lack of edges in our heavily-forested landscape.

(C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polm Sci 117: 3651-3658, 2010″
“The purpose of the study is to (1) estimate the direction, clinical relevance, and duration of health-related quality of life (HRQL) change in the first year following esophageal cancer surgery and (2) to assess the robustness of the estimates by subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and an exploration of publication bias.

A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL to identify randomized and non-randomized studies was performed. We compared the baseline HRQL data with 3-, 6-, 9-, or 12-month follow-ups

to estimate the magnitude and duration of HRQL change. These estimates were then classified as trivial, small, medium, or large. Primary outcomes were role functioning, eating, and fatigue. click here Secondary outcomes were physical and social selleck functioning, dysphagia, pain, and coughing problems. We conducted subgroup analysis for open surgery,

open surgery preceded by neo-adjuvant therapy, and minimally invasive surgery. Sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of study design, transformation/imputation of the data, and HRQL questionnaire used.

We included data from 15 studies to estimate the change in 28 HRQL outcomes after esophageal cancer surgery. The main analysis showed that patients’ social functioning deteriorated. Symptoms of fatigue, pain, and coughing problems increased. These changes lasted for 9-12 months, although some symptoms persisted beyond the first year after surgery. For many other HRQL outcomes, estimates were only robust after subgroup or sensitivity analyses (e.g., role and physical functioning), or remained too heterogeneous to interpret (e.g., eating and dysphagia).

Patients will experience a clinically relevant and long-lasting deterioration in HRQL after esophageal cancer surgery. However, for many HRQL outcomes, more and better quality evidence is needed.”
“Meningiomas are extra-axial dural-based tumors. They are the most common intracranial tumors, occur in mid to late life, and have a female predilection. Symptoms are a function

of location. Bcr-Abl inhibitor Meningiomas are usually benign, but atypical and malignant forms exist. Treatment is indicated for symptomatic lesions or when neurologic symptoms may shortly occur. Surgical resection can be curative; however, because of their location, some lesions are amenable only to partial resection. Radiation therapy is used for incompletely removed symptomatic lesions, lesions that are not surgically accessible, and small symptomatic lesions. For higher grade meningiomas, radiation is used after surgery. For lesions that recur or grow despite surgery and radiation, systemic chemotherapy can be tried. There is no optimal agent, but hydroxyurea is used most often with very modest success; hormonal approaches have not been successful.

Results: 42% of clinics responded (216 of 518). The median annual clinic budget was $145,000, with 1% to 20% spent on medications. Of responding clinics, 30% had a licensed pharmacy

that was staffed on average by 3.4 pharmacist volunteers and 0.1 pharmacist employees. Of the 83.5% (177 of 212) that dispensed drugs, clinics filled 67 prescriptions per day with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and anti-infective agents as top classes. Pharmacy personnel provided mainly traditional (e. g., distributive) services (61.1%), and 19.3% of clinics trained student pharmacists. Since 2001, the number of clinics (355 vs. 518) and prescriptions dispensed (29 vs. 67 per day) increased but the percentage with a licensed pharmacy (33% vs. 30%) and mean number of pharmacist volunteers/employees Roscovitine manufacturer (3.8/0.1 vs. 3.4/0.1) remained constant.

Conclusion: The model of free clinic pharmacy services is a modified community practice. Pharmacy personnel have the opportunity to expand their FG-4592 cost role and pharmacy practice in free clinics.”
“Objective: To compare earlier (sustainers) and later (new)

adopters in terms of pharmacy characteristics and characteristics of in-house vaccination services and to identify how sustainers modified their in-house vaccination services over time.

Design: Nonexperimental multistage study.

Setting: Washington State during 2003, 2004, and 2006-2007.

Participants: Community pharmacies included in this study’s analyses must have participated in all data collection stages and provided in-house vaccination BEZ235 manufacturer services during the third stage. Based on key informants’ self-reports, those who had provided in-house services before or since 2003 were sustainers and those who started their services after 2004 were new adopters.

Intervention: Mixed-mode survey.

Main outcome measures: Pharmacy characteristics and characteristics of in-house vaccination

services offered in 2003 and 2006 were measured in terms of service accessibility, scope, and supportive personnel.

Results: A total of 37 sustainers and 27 new adopters met the inclusion criteria. The majority of independent and supermarket pharmacies were sustainers, whereas the majority of chain and mass merchant pharmacies were new adopters. In-house services offered by sustainers were broader in service accessibility and scope and involved a greater number of pharmacists trained in immunization delivery than services offered by new adopters in the same year. Further, when comparing sustainers’ in-house services offered in 2003 and 2006, the 2006 services were expanded to provide year-round services, involved a greater number of settings, included services to adolescents, and involved a greater number of trained pharmacists.

Conclusion: Community pharmacies started their in-house vaccination services on a small scale and later expanded to a larger scale.

0) in the mandibular incisor crowding.

Conclusion: Presence of maxillary and/or mandibular third molars has no relation with the lower incisor crowding.”
“BACKGROUND: Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a pyrimidine analogue used as a cancer treatment. Its toxic side effects, including mucositis, are reported to occur in 40% of the treated patients. Because of the inflammatory component of mucositis, we explored the possibility Doramapimod mouse of modulating this condition with an immunomodulatory agent and a tumor necrosis factor-a inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 immunosuppressive agents, etanercept and cyclosporine, in a murine model of 5-FU induced mucositis.

METHODS:

To study the short-term effects of 5-FU on mucositis, cyclosporine and etanercept were administered to mice after an injection of 5-FU. The animals (n = 8) were euthanized at 6 hours post-challenge. Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic sections of the small intestine were examined for signs of apoptosis. To further examine the potential of cyclosporine in the treatment of 5-FU induced mucositis in a longer duration, the animals (N = 15) were given 2 challenges

of 5-FU within 6 hours. All mice were dosed daily until day 9 with either cyclosporine (100 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).

RESULTS: Six hours after 5-FU challenge, 25 mg/kg etanercept and 50 mg/kg cyclosporine had no effect on 5-FU induced apoptosis (P > 0.05). However, 100 mg/kg cyclosporine significantly reduced the

cumulative level of Smad inhibitor apoptosis >41.6% of the intestinal crypt surface (P < 0.05). During long-term observation, all mice AZD1390 solubility dmso began to lose weight at a rate of approximately 0.8 g/day after 5-FU exposure. The rates of weight loss and survival were not affected by cyclosporine treatment. The diarrhea onset began on day 4 with 46.7% of the PBS-treated mice showing signs of diarrhea compared with 53.3% in the cyclosporine group. The diarrhea score for both groups plateaued on day 7, with a cumulative score of 41 for the PBS group and 50 for the cyclosporine group. Cyclosporine treatment did not affect the diarrhea onset day or severity compared with the PBS-treated group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that etanercept is not a suitable treatment for 5-FU induced mucositis. Despite decreased apoptosis in the gut, cyclosporine did not affect the severity of the diarrhea or survival. Therefore, we concluded that cyclosporine treatment was only effective in mediating the short-term apoptotic events in the intestines but has no long-term effect on the animals’ survival and diarrhea. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2011;72:262-272) (C) 2011 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by recognition of beta cell proteins as self-antigens, called autoantigens (AAgs), by patients’ own CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and/or the products of self-reactive B cells, called autoantibodies.

5% and serum bactericidal antibody geometric mean titer of 45.1 (95% CI: 28.5-71.3) when MenC-CRM(197) conjugate was used.”
“The aim of this work is to analyse the variability of the obturator artery (oa), unify previous criteria and propose a simple classification for clinical use.

A sample of 119 adult human embalmed cadavers was used. Origin and course of the oa in relation with the external iliac artery, internal iliac artery selleck and inferior epigastric artery were studied. Chi-squared and t test were used for statistical comparison, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Based on the number of roots of origin, three different situations were observed. The oa shows a single origin (96.55%). The oa presents a double origin (3.02%),

or the oa arises from three roots (0.43%). The first situation was subclassified into six types according to the oa origin. Equal vascular pattern in both hemi-pelvises was observed in 58.93%.

Almost 31% of oa passes Cell Cycle inhibitor over the superior pubic ramus implying an increased risk during some procedures.”
“A detailed magnetic study has been carried out for Ti-doped La0.5Ba0.5Co1-xTixO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10, 0.125, and 0.15) cobaltites. Ti doping

suppresses the ferromagnetic interaction in La0.5Ba0.5CoO3 and induces an antiferromagnetic phase in the system at 0.075 <= x <= 0.15. The spin state of Co ions is not affected by the Ti doping and remains an intermediate-spin state at x <= 0.15. At low temperatures, the system is in a reentrant spin glass click here state. Phase separation provides a phenomenological interpretation of these magnetic behaviors. A detailed phase diagram of La0.5Ba0.5Co1-xTixO3 has been constructed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi. 10.1063/1.3561051]“
“The role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki

disease (KD) remains controversial. In this study, we showed that 8.8% of patients with KD had documented respiratory viral infections. Patients with concomitant viral infections had a higher frequency of coronary artery dilatations and were significantly more often diagnosed with incomplete KD. The presence of a concomitant viral infection should not exclude the diagnosis of KD.”
“As the subsequent risks of complications and explantation increase with the size of the cuff, we aimed to assess functional outcomes after the implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) with a large cuff (a parts per thousand yen8 cm) in women with severe urinary incontinence.

Fifty women underwent an AUS placement with a large cuff between 1984 and 2007. Forty-three (86%) had previously undergone anti-incontinence procedures. The AUS was implanted with an open surgical technique using a transverse abdominal approach. The cuff was placed around the bladder neck between the periurethral fascia and the vagina. Perioperative complications were reviewed. To assess the resolution of urinary incontinence, all patients were seen at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and yearly thereafter.

PNY and PNF interact with a subset of KNOTTED1-LIKE homeobox proteins including SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). Genetic analyses show that these BLH proteins function with STM to specify flowers and internodes during inflorescence

development. In this study, experimental evidence demonstrates that the specification of flower and coflorescence meristems requires the combined activities of FT-FD and STM. FT and FD also regulate meristem maintenance during inflorescence development. In plants with reduced STM function, ectopic FT and FD promote the formation of axillary meristems during inflorescence development. Lastly, gene expression studies indicate that STM functions with FT-FD and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24)-SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONTANS1 (SOC1) complexes MLN4924 in vivo Buparlisib cell line to up-regulate flower meristem identity genes during inflorescence development.”
“In coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors are the main targets for primary and secondary prevention. Statins prevent cardiovascular events in patients at risk. However, despite the proven efficacy and safety of statins, relevant side effects exist and should be considered when treating patients.”
“The growth kinetics of thin (thickness <10 nm) oxide films on Zr(0001) and Zr(10<(1)over

bar>0) single-crystal surfaces were investigated by real-time in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (RISE) and angle-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (AR-XPS). To this end, clean crystalline Zr(0001) and Zr(10 (1) over bar0) surfaces were prepared under UHV conditions by a cyclic treatment of alternating ion-sputtering and in

vacuo annealing steps. The thus-obtained bare Zr surfaces were then exposed to dry O(2)(g) in the temperature range of 300 450 K (at a partial oxygen pressure of 10(-4) Pa), while monitoring the growth kinetics by RISE. It was found that the less-densely packed Zr(10 (1) over bar0) surface oxidizes more readily than the densely packed Zr(0001) surface. A near-limiting thickness of the oxide film on both surfaces is attained only at oxidation temperatures T<375 K. At T >= 375 K, the oxidation rate becomes controlled by the thermally activated dissolution and diffusion of oxygen in the alpha-Zr substrate. The higher oxidation rate of the Zr(10<(1)over bar>0) ML323 purchase surface for T >= 375 K is attributed mainly to the higher oxygen diffusivity in a-Zr along the Zr(10 (1) over bar0) direction than along the Zr(0001) direction. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3608044]“
“PRINCIPLES: Current evidence indicates that chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be detected by simple laboratory tests. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening and subsequent treatment in different populations.

METHODS: Cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening in a cohort of simulated subjects aged >= 50 years was assessed using a validated microsimulation model.

Objective amplitude of accommodation was measured with an autorefractor and subjective amplitude of accommodation, using push-up tests and defocus curves. Physiological and pilocarpine-stimulated IOL movement was measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS: The mean values at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively, were as follows: CDVA, -0.06 +/- 0.08 (SD), -0.08 +/- 0.09, and -0.05 +/- 0.09; DCNVA, 0.31 +/- 0.15, 0.31 +/- 0.15, and 0.34 +/- 0.16; objective amplitude of accommodation, 0.36 +/- 0.38 diopters (D), 0.12 +/- 0.34 VS-4718 D, and 0.10 +/- 0.34 D; subjective amplitude of accommodation, 2.79 +/- 0.86 D, 2.55 +/- 0.85 D, and 2.50 +/- 0.62 D with push-up test and 0.90 +/- 0.40

D, 0.78 +/- 0.23 D, and 0.93 +/- 0.35 D with defocus curves. The maximum physiologic IOL shift at 1 month (mean 45.2 +/- 63.4 mu m) occurred with a 3.0 D accommodative stimulus. At 6 months, the mean pilocarpine-stimulated forward IOL shift was 306 +/- 161 mu m.

CONCLUSIONS: Objective accommodation and forward

axial shift were clinically insignificant with the accommodating IOL. The near visual performance was attributed to depth of focus rather than to true pseudophakic accommodation.”
“Doubled haploid (DH) populations are useful to scientists and breeders in both crop improvement and basic research. selleck Current methods of producing DHs usually need in vitro culture for extracting haploids and chemical treatment for chromosome doubling. This report describes a simple method for synthesizing DHs (SynDH) especially

for allopolyploid species by utilizing meiotic restitution genes. The method involves three steps: hybridization to induce recombination, AZD8055 inhibitor interspecific hybridization to extract haploids, and spontaneous chromosome doubling by selfing the interspecific F(1)s. DHs produced in this way contain recombinant chromosomes in the genome(s) of interest in a homogeneous background. No special equipment or treatments are involved in the DH production and it can be easily applied in any breeding and/or genetic program. Triticum turgidum L. and Aegilops tauschii Coss, the two ancestral species of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and molecular markers were used to demonstrate the SynDH method.”
“Polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple and inexpensive one-step in situ polymerization method in the presence of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the samples were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). WAXD and SEM revealed the formation of polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was some interaction between the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles and polyaniline. The dc electrical conductivity measurements were carried in the temperature range of 80 to 300 K.

Nickel hypersensitivity was confirmed with skin patch testing. The microinserts were removed hysteroscopically, and the patient improved.

CONCLUSION:

If a patient experiences symptoms of an allergic reaction after hysteroscopic sterilization, referral to an allergy specialist is recommended. If nickel hypersensitivity is confirmed, the microinserts should be removed; this may be performed under hysteroscopic guidance. (Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117: 461-2) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f73021″
“Castor oil methyl ester (COME) was produced by reactive extraction of castor seed and the purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the reaction and to find out optimum reaction conditions. Reactive extraction of castor seed was carried out at varied reaction conditions such JNJ-26481585 ic50 as oil to methanol molar ratio (1:50-1:250), catalyst concentration (0.5-2%), temperature

(35-65 degrees C) and rate of mixing (200-800 rpm) and the effect of above parameters on reactive extraction were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions for reactive extraction were found to be 1% KOH (wt basis of oil), reaction temperature SCH727965 nmr 65 degrees C, reaction time 3 h, methanol to oil molar ratio 250:1 and mixing speed of 600 rpm. The kinetics of the reaction was studied and the activation energy was found to be 38.916 kJ mol(-1). The potential use of COME as bio lubricants is promising due to its high viscosity, low pour point, and good lubricity. Economic analysis and sensitivity study of reactive extraction has been carried out which estimated the price of COME at $3.71/gal. (C) 2012 Elsevier

B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Previous research has shown that FXYD6 (FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 6) is highly increased in bile duct tumor. However, the biological function of FXYD6 is unclear. We aim to prepare LOXO-101 and identify a monoclonal antibody against FXYD6, which will be used in diagnostics and as a tool in understanding the role of FXYD6 in pathogenesis of hepatobiliary cancer. In this study, hybridoma cell fusion technology is used for production of FXYD6 monoclonal antibody. BALB/c mice are immunized with FXYD6 synthetic peptide fragment. Hybridoma clones are screened using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FXYD6 monoclonal antibody is produced by ascites revulsion. Protein A affinity chromatography is used for the purification of FXYD6 monoclonal antibody. Titer and specificity of monoclonal antibody are assessed by ELISA. Expression of FXYD6 in pancreatic cancer is detected by immunohistochemistry. As a result, one stable hybridoma cell clone producing FXYD6 monoclonal antibody has been established. 2.86mg monoclonal antibody against FXYD6 with high specificity is prepared with titer of 1:5400. Immunohistochemistry shows that FXYD6 positive staining occurs in the cell membrane of pancreatic cancer, which results in an advantage in investigating the tissue distribution and biological function of FXYD6.