The PEIs were characterized by FTIR, (1)H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV-vis were performed on inherent viscosity, solubility, and tensile tests. The effects of fluorenyl cardo groups and ether linkages on the solubility, tensile properties, thermal stability, and optical properties were investigated in detail.

It was found that the PEIs had good solubility in common organic solvents and good optical transparency in visible SCH727965 mw light region. In addition, the PEI films exhibited excellent tensile and thermal properties. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 3987-3993, 2009″
“Ten male subjects affected by sickle cell anemia (SCA) were studied to evaluate the long-term effects of therapies on their fertility. Their ages ranged from 18 to 34 years (median: 32 years). Four subjects were treated by hydroxyurea (HU) and 6 by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The median follow-up LOXO-101 in vivo after HU initiation and HSCT was 10.5 years (range: 8-15 years) and 15.5 years (range: 8-21 years), respectively. Three of the 6 in the HSCT group and two of the 4 in the HU group were azoospermic. One HSCT subject

had normal semen and hormone variables, showing that normal fertility can occasionally be expected after transplantation in SCA. The remaining 4 patients (2 HSCT and 2 HU) were oligozoospermic. With regard to HU, semen impairment appears to be related to Z-IETD-FMK concentration the duration of treatment. To draw general conclusions, further research with a large number of patients treated since childhood with HU or HSCT is warranted.”
“Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal roasting temperature and roasting time of coffee beans used for preparing brews with high antioxidant activity and sensory quality. Green coffee beans (Coffea arabica L. cv. Colombia

Organic Tamata) were roasted at temperatures ranging from 140 to 220 degrees C for 2-10 min and were then brewed with dripping hot water. The effects of the roasting conditions on the browning index, antioxidant activity, color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability of the coffee brewed from the bean were investigated using a second-order central composite design. The quality indicators except the taste were significantly affected by roasting temperature and time, tending to increase and then decrease with increasing roasting temperature and time. Superimposed contour plots indicated that the optimal roasting temperature was 182 degrees C and optimal roasting time was 7 min.”
“In this paper, homogenization theory based on a multiple scale perturbation of the charge-transport equation is used to derive a mathematical framework for modeling the cumulative effect of Te inclusions in radiation detectors based on semi-insulating cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe).

Significant decreases in stomatal conductance and transpiration were detected between flooded and control seedlings from AZD7762 purchase a week after the beginning of

the experiment. However ABA concentration in leaves only started to increase after three weeks of flooding, suggesting that stomata closed in the absence of a rise in foliar ABA. Therefore, stomatal closure in waterlogged seedlings does not appear to be induced by ABA, at least during the early stages of flood-stress. The low levels of ABA detected in roots and xylem sap from flooded seedlings indicated that it is very unlikely that the ABA increase in the leaves of these plants is due to ABA translocation from roots to shoots. We propose that ABA is produced in old leaves and transported Caspase inhibitor to younger leaves. Flooding had no effect on water potential or the relative water content of leaves.

Soil flooding reduced root hydraulic conductance in citrus seedlings. This effect was already evident after a week of waterlogging, and at the end of

the experiment, flood-stressed seedlings reached values of root hydraulic conductance below 12% of that of control plants. This reduction was related to down-regulation of the expression of PIP aquaporins. In addition, whole plant transpiration was reduced by 56% after 35 d under flooding conditions. Flood-stress also decreased the pH of sap extracted from citrus roots. Evidence is presented suggesting that acidosis induced by anoxic stress in roots causes gating of aquaporins, thereby decreasing hydraulic

conductance. Additionally, stomata] closure finely balances-out low pH-mediated losses of root hydraulic conductance therefore maintaining stable leaf hydration. QNZ datasheet (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to many of the currently used insecticides, including synthetic pyrethroids. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative insecticides for effective management of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. In the present study, chlorfenapyr was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles stephensi for its possible use in vector control.

Methods: Efficacy of chlorfenapyr against An. culicifacies and An. stephensi was assessed using adult bioassay tests. In the laboratory, determination of diagnostic dose, assessment of residual activity on different substrates, cross-resistance pattern with different insecticides and potentiation studies using piperonyl butoxide were undertaken by following standard procedures. Potential cross-resistance patterns were assessed on field populations of An. culicifacies.

Results: A dose of 5.0% chlorfenapyr was determined as the diagnostic concentration for assessing susceptibility applying the WHO tube test method in anopheline mosquitoes with 2 h exposure and 48 h holding period. The DDT-resistant/ malathion-deltamethrin-susceptible strain of An. culicifacies species C showed higher LD50 and LD99 (0.67 and 2.

i.d.) for 1 week, peginterferon-alfa-2b for 2 weeks and combination of the two for 2 weeks in varying order. In addition to predominant wild-type isolates, previously described boceprevir-resistant mutations (V36, T54, R155, A156, V170) were observed. Furthermore, two resistant mutations (Q41, F43) were detected for the first time in vivo. In three patients, mutations selected after initial

treatment with boceprevir were re-selected during subsequent boceprevir exposure. However, mutational patterns after the first and second exposure to boceprevir were different in five patients. In one patient, a viral variant (V55A) known to AG-881 ic50 reduce susceptibility to boceprevir was the predominant variant observed at baseline and throughout treatment and was associated with a shallow viral decline.

Different resistance mutations were selected during treatment with boceprevir +/- peginterferon. Sequential short-term dosing of boceprevir was not associated with accumulation of resistant variants but pre-existing variants may impair virologic response.”
“The incidence of severe hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been increasing. However, clinicopathologic features of severe HAV infection that lead to liver transplantation (LT) have not been reported in Korea. We retrieved 16 LT cases with HAV infection during the last 3 years at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Fifteen cases progressed to hepatic encephalopathy. Thirteen cases survived with or without complications, and three patients died of sepsis. The explanted liver showed massive Selleck BMS-777607 or zonal necrosis with moderate to severe cholestasis. AICAR The zonal distribution of necrosis was frequently associated with endothelialitis of portal and/or central veins. Degenerative changes

of hepatocytes were various in degree and distribution. Viral inclusions were suspected in two cases. Although HAV infection is usually confirmed by serological tests, significant venulitis of central and/or portal veins and viral inclusions, which are rarely observed, can suggest an HAV infection as a cause of massive hepatic necrosis of unknown mechanism.”
“The concept of personality has recently begun to attract a great deal of interest in behavioural ecology. However, there is also a large and mature literature on personality within human psychology. These two bodies of work have developed independently and at present make rather little reference to one another. The current paper has two main objectives. First, we seek to acquaint behavioural ecologists with the principal ideas and issues found in the human personality psychology literature. Second, we explore how ideas from the behavioural ecology literature might help advance research in human personality psychology. We suggest strong potential for convergence between the two literatures in the near future.

Patients with altered scan and CAD had the poorer outcome. Guideline-oriented medical treatment is safe and yields results comparable to coronary intervention in renal transplant patients with CAD. The data do not support pre-emptive myocardial revascularization for renal transplant candidates.”
“Existing therapies for symptoms related to painful clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have rarely met with complete success and predicting LDN-193189 inhibitor prognosis remains difficult. Few studies have reported the efficacy of maxillary flat occlusal splints (MFOSs) for the treatment

of painful clicking of the TMJ, and few studies have evaluated the predisposing factors that influence the clinical outcomes of MFOSs. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment efficacy of MFOSs for painful clicking of the TMJ, and to determine the factors influencing TMJ therapy with MFOSs. We conducted a retrospective study of 109 patients suffering from unilateral clicking concurrent with preauricular area pain for at least 2 months between 2004 and 2008. Seventy-five patients were treated with an MFOS, while 34 patients did not receive Barasertib inhibitor MFOS therapy. Clicking

score, pain-free maximal mouth opening, pain score, duration of the clicking sounds, age and bruxism were recorded during treatment and involved into the reviews. The degree of joint clicking was determined by a stethoscope placed in the anterolateral area of the external auditory canal and was divided into four grades. Data were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t test. Results showed click here statistically significant differences in treatment outcomes between the MFOS-treated and control groups in clicking index, maximal mouth opening, pain and complete remission rates of symptoms within 1 year. Furthermore, for patients treated with MFOS, there were statistically

significant differences in the clinical outcomes between those with a high clicking index and those with a low index before treatment. Factors significantly correlated with successful outcomes of MFOS included nocturnal bruxism, patient age and duration of clicking. MFOSs can be used to treat patients with painful clicking of the TMJ and related symptoms. The severity of clicking, bruxism, age and duration of clicking are all important factors influencing treatment outcomes with MFOSs.”
“As survival is now increasing, care of the extremely preterm infant is now directed at strategies to minimize long-term morbidity. In this study, I review the current state-of-the-art outcomes for babies born at extremely low gestations and identify strategies that may be aimed at optimizing outcomes. With respect to anesthetic practice, I then go on to discuss important issues of pain management in these babies and how this may affect long-term outcomes.

According to Robinson’s chart, the proportion of larger, smaller and mean CRL values that were closest to the reference value was found in 11.5%, 75.0% and 5.8% of cases respectively. The larger, smaller and the mean CRLs were closest to the reference CRL in the Hadlock chart for 28.9%, 44.2% and 19.2% of cases, respectively, and closest to the reference CRL in the Chitty chart for 17.3%, 59.6% and 15.4% of cases, respectively. Conclusion The smaller

CRL is more accurate in the estimation of the GA for twin pregnancy compared to the larger or mean CRL values.”
“The leaf and inflorescence essential oils of Plectranthus rugosus Wall. (syn. Rabdosia rugosa Wall.) and Plectranthus incanus L. (syn. Plectranthus mollis L.), which grow wild in Uttarakhand, India, were analysed and compared by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis led to LGX818 nmr the identification of 43 constituents, forming 89.5-93.6% of the total oil compositions. Both leaf and inflorescence oil of P. rugosus were dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (71.8%, 71.7%) represented by beta-caryophyllene (36.2%, 29.8%), germacrene D (25.2%, 28.2%) and alpha-humulene (6.6%, 8.6%) as the major constituents. Conversely, the leaf and inflorescence oil of P. incanus were dominated by monoterpenoids (74.4%, 65.8%) with piperitenone

oxide (44.2%, 38.5%), piperitone (8.6%, 12.2%) and terpinolene (14.5%, 10.2%) as major constituents. Piperitenone oxide, AZD0530 piperitone, cis- and trans-piperitols and trans-piperitol acetate were the marker constituents

in P. incanus, which were not noted in the essential oil of P. rugosus.”
“Aim To establish reference values for the nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in Japanese fetuses. Material and Methods Ultrasonographic measurements of the crown-rump length (CRL) and NT were performed from 11 to 13+6 weeks of gestation in consecutive Japanese fetuses examined during prenatal visits between February 2011 and January 2012. The median, 5th and 95th percentiles of the NT thickness with 5mm intervals of the CRL were confirmed. Stattic Results A total of 970 cases were enrolled in the study. The median NT thickness for a CRL between 45 and 80mm ranged from 1.2mm to 1.9mm, and the 95th percentile of these values ranged from 2.1mm to 3.2mm, respectively. Conclusion The reference values for the NT thickness in Japanese fetuses were determined. These values should be useful for fetal biometry, morphological assessment and first trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities in Japan.”
“Natural chemical compounds are a widely researched topic worldwide because of their potential activity against cerebrovascular diseases. Chemicals from Juniperus phoenicea berries are reported in this study. Lipids (11%) from seeds are mainly unsaturated (86%). Minerals are also quantified like Na (63.8 mg per 100 gDW) or K (373.9 mg per 100 g DW). Total reduced sugars are ca 192.6 mg g(-1) DW.

The dentist can be a critical team member in prevention, early identification, and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This manuscript CDK inhibitor reviews the physiology of normal oropharyngeal swallow and the effects of normal aging on this physiology. Typical etiologies for oropharyngeal dysphagia are defined as is

the most commonly used physiologic diagnostic procedure, the modified barium swallow (MBS). The critical role of the dentist in identifying risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia, making appropriate referrals, and improving oral hygiene to prevent aspiration pneumonia in the elderly is discussed.”
“Objective: To compare the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and intratympanic (IT) steroid injection on hearing KU-55933 purchase after the failure of primary treatment in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing

loss (ISSHL).

Study Design: A prospective randomized trial.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Patients: Fifty patients with failure of primary therapy for ISSHL.

Intervention(s): After primary treatment with systemic steroids and failure of therapy, defined as less than 10-dB hearing gain, 50 patients were enrolled in the study and received either hyperbaric oxygen or intratympanic steroid treatment. The patients were not matched and not similar.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Hearing gain at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz after treatment.

Results: There were significant differences between hearing thresholds at all frequencies before and after the HBO treatment. Similarly, there were significant differences between hearing thresholds at most frequencies (except 2 kHz) before and after the treatment in the IT group. The subgroups

of patients with pure tone average less than 81 dB and were younger than 60 years had better response to HBO treatment than those with profound deafness and in the elderly.

Conclusion: HBO and IT steroid therapy could be successfully used as salvage therapies in patients with sudden deafness. Further study is needed to demonstrate superiority of one of the treatments.”
“Aims The effect of a non-specific thiol-alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) was studied on neurogenic contractile mechanisms in rat ventral prostate gland.”
“Current recommendations conflict over the appropriate use of interferon-gamma whole blood assays to screen www.selleckchem.com/products/ferrostatin-1-fer-1.html for tuberculosis (TB) infection in contact Investigations. We report here on a worksite TB contact investigation in which tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON (R)-TB Gold (QFT-G) were both used to identify infection among 61 co-workers. Of the 27 (44%) who had a TST >= 15 min, 11 (41%) had negative QFT-G, raising concerns that QFT-G may not be sufficiently sensitive when used alone in contact investigations. The questionable performance of QFT-G in this setting is not unexpected, as the negative predictive value of a test decreases with increasing prevalence.

1 SD. Differences in scores were highest for the social and role function domains but the adjusted differences were still < 0.2 SD.

There was no quantitatively meaningful difference between administration formats for EuroQol, Feeling Thermometer and VFQ-25 domain scores. For ocular pain (VFQ-25), we found a statistically significant difference of 3.5 (95% CI 0.2, 6.8), which did, however, not exceed 0.2 SD. For all instruments scores were similar for the large and standard print formats with all adjusted differences < 0.2 SD.

Conclusions: Our large study provides evidence that administration formats do not have a meaningful effect on repeated measurements of patient-reported outcomes. As a consequence, longitudinal studies may check details not need to consider the effect of different administration formats in their analyses.”
“Universal base oils that remain pourable over wide temperature ranges would have important advantages for lubrication applications. The model system used in this project was a poly(alpha-olefin) synthetic base oil modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to lower the pour-point temperature.

Although the blend was miscible at room temperature, phase separation occurred at temperatures lower than 258 K. Partition coefficients of such nonideal oligomer mixtures can (1) help define operating temperature ranges and (2) provide a basis for designing molecular weight distributions of each lubricant that

control or prevent phase MCC-950 separation. The poly(alpha-olefin) base oil family is branched oligomers with two to five n-mers at levels greater than 1 wt %, whereas PDMS additives are linear oligomers having between 10 and 50 sequential n-mers at levels greater than 0.5 wt %. In this study, Fourier transform infrared measurements of the poly(alpha-olefin) and PDMS compositions in each phase provided an overall material balance. Poly(alpha-olefin) oligomers were detected with size exclusion chromatography with a differential refractive-index detector, and PDMS oligomers were detected with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The best sets of measurements for the individual Evofosfamide mw oligomers in each phase were selected by minimization of the overall material balance errors. For both oligomers, components with high molecular weights were preferentially excluded from the phase rich in the other polymer and were relatively independent of temperature. The partition coefficients of poly(alpha-olefin) components increased with increasing oligomer length, whereas the partition coefficients of the PDMS components decreased with increasing oligomer length. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122:2915-2925, 2011″
“PURPOSE: To assess the mydriatic response to concentrations of intracamerally injected phenylephrine from 0.15 mg/mL to 30.00 mg/mL (0.015% to 3.000%) in human eyes.

Acute biomechanical fractures were found exclusively in the femoral neck and

occurred earlier (mean time [and standard deviation] between implantation and revision, 41 +/- 57 days) than acute postnecrotic fractures (mean time between implantation and revision, 149 +/- 168 days; p = 0.002) or chronic biomechanical fractures (mean time between implantation and revision, 179 +/- 165 days; p = 0.001). The latter two fracture types both occurred predominantly in the bone inside the femoral component.

Conclusions: Three distinct fracture modes were characterized morphologically. Osteonecrosis was the most frequent cause of fracture-related failures. We suggest that GSK923295 order an intraoperative mechanical injury of the femoral neck such as notching and/or malpositioning of the femoral component might lead to changes in the loading pattern Selleck Liproxstatin-1 or in the resistance to fracture of the femoral neck and may result in both acute and chronic biomechanical femoral neck fractures. These findings may serve as feedback information for the surgeon and possibly influence

future therapeutic strategies.”
“Purpose of review

This article critically reviews the current views and discusses the future challenges with regard to assessing disease progression and disease activity in Sjogren’s syndrome, as a decrease of disease progression and activity is what an effective Sjogren’s syndrome therapy aims for. This topic has recently gained renewed attention as targeted treatment modalities have become available in primary Sjogren’s syndrome, while the lack of well established outcome parameters interferes with a straightforward comparison of the outcomes of the various trials.

Recent findings

Recent advances in how to assess changes in disease this website progression and activity objectively (via repeated biopsies of salivary glands, sialometry, sialochemistry, biomarkers, secretion and composition of tears, EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index: ESSDAI) and subjectively (EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Patient Related Index: ESSPRI) have opened new ways to reliably

assess the outcome of a particular treatment.

Summary

Newly applied tools are instrumental, both for clinical research and clinical practice, in reliably judging and comparing the value of well established and newly developed therapies in Sjogren’s syndrome.”
“Mutations in the gene encoding Connexin 26 are the most common cause of genetic hearing loss. The hearing loss is typically stable but may be progressive. The reason for progression is unknown. Antioxidants have been associated with attenuation of hearing loss from other insults. One antioxidant regimen consists of beta-carotene (metabolized to vitamin A), vitamin C, vitamin E, and magnesium (ACEMg). We present a child with Connexin 26 related hearing loss who experienced progressive hearing loss over 7 years of observation.

Observing inconsistent expression of these cistrons STI571 supplier in various vectors and cell lines, especially compared with a control plasmid pmaxGFP, we optimized the expression of this bicistronic message by mutating pcDNA3 to facilitate exchange of the promoter and polyadenylation segments controlling both the gene of interest and the eukaryotic antibiotic resistance gene as well as the eukaryotic antibiotic resistance gene itself, and effectively compare the effects of these exchanges, creating plasmid pc3.5.

Results: Murine MSCs stably and ectopically expressing Mu-IFN alpha A inhibited the establishment of tumors in homogeneic C57/BL6 mice. Mu-IFN alpha A

expressed from the bicistronic message is fully biologically active, but is expressed at only two-thirds of the level observed from a monocistronic message. Cap-dependent Selleckchem Bucladesine translation is threefold more efficient than

IRES-driven translation in 293T, B16, and MSC cell lines. Both efficient expression and good transfection efficiency require strong expression of the gene of interest and a chimeric intron. High doses of Mu-IFN alpha A within tumors inhibited tumor establishment but may not inhibit tumor growth.

Conclusions: Our modified vector and its derived plasmids will find use in stem cell therapeutics, gene expression, mRNA regulation, and transcription regulation. Local release of Mu-IFN GSI-IX Proteases inhibitor alpha A within tumors may differently affect tumor establishment and tumor growth.”
“Comorbidities among headaches and psychiatric disorders have been consistently reported in several clinical studies and reviews. In this paper, we review some recent clinical studies on migraine and tension-type headaches associated with mood, anxiety and somatoform disorders, focusing on therapeutic strategies for the psychiatric disorders.”
“Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and graphite oxide (GO)/PEDOT composites (GPTs) doped with poly(sodium styrene sulfate) (PSS) were synthesized by in situ polymerization in

aqueous media. The electrochemical capacitance performances of GO, PEDOT-PSS, and GPTs as electrode materials were investigated. The GPTs had a higher specific capacitance of 108 F/g than either composite constituent (11 F/g for GO and 87 F/g for PEDOT-PSS); this was attributable to its high electrical conductivity and the layer-within/on-layer composite structure. Such an increase demonstrated that the synergistic combination of GO and PEDOT-PSS had advantages over the sum of the individual components. On the basis of cycle-life tests, the capacitance retention of about 78% for the GPTs compared with that of 66% for PEDOT-PSS after 1200 cycles suggested a high cycle stability of the GPTs and its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The plane-view transmission electron micrographs clearly indicate the formation of nanocrystalline CdS on the nanotube surfaces. The superior dielectric behavior of the MWCNT-CdS nanostructures over MWCNT and PVA host matrices has been demonstrated. The dc and ac transport properties of CdS carbon nanotube-insulating polymer nanocomposites have been studied using impedance spectroscopy. An enhancement in optical band gap of nanocomposites over the bulk CdS has been observed due to the quantum

confinement effect in CdS nanocrystals. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3142296]“
“Diabetes is a chronic metabolic U0126 concentration disease which is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. The key roles of oxidative stress and inflammation https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fg-4592.html in the progression of vascular complications of this disease are well recognized. Accumulating epidemiologic evidence confirms that physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for insulin

resistance and type II diabetes. This paper briefly reviews the pathophysiological pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus and then discusses the impact of exercise on these systems. In this regard, we discuss exercise induced activation of cellular antioxidant systems through “”nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor.”" We also discuss anti-inflammatory myokines, which are produced and released by contracting muscle fibers. Antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and chaperon effects of exercise-induced heat shock proteins are also reviewed.”
“Objective: We investigated the effects of tocilizumab (TCZ) on joint tissue

remodeling in patients with moderate to severely active RA by measuring tissue-specific biomarker.

Methods: The LITHE biomarker study (n = 740) was a phase III study of 4- and 8-mg/kg TCZ in combination with MTX. Early response was evaluated at week 16 as +/- 20% improvement in swollen/tender joint counts; and ACR50 was evaluated at week 52. Biomarkers (tissue inflammation: C3M, CRPM, and VICM; cartilage degradation: C2M; and bone turnover: CTx and osteocalcin) were tested in serum from baseline, week 4, 16, 24, and 52, and dose-dependent effect was investigated. Patients were divided AS1842856 research buy into the following three groups: early non-responders (ENR), ACR50 responders, and non-responders; their biomarker profiles were compared.

Results: At week 52, CRP was inhibited to 4% and 40% of baseline by TCZ8 and TCZ4, respectively. CRPM (63%), C2M (84%), C3M (69%), and VICM (42%) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by TCZ8, but not by TCZ4. MMP3 and osteocalcin changed to <58% and > 111%, respectively, in response to TCZ. CTx was not changed significantly. ENRs had significantly less inhibition of CRPM (p < 0.05), C2M (p < 0.01), and C3M (p < 0.01) compared to early responders.