Reduced stomatal conductance has also been observed, together with impaired photosynthesis [6]. The genomes of the phytoplasmas are extremely reduced and many genes that encode components of essential metabolic pathways XL184 datasheet in other organisms are missing. It is likely phytoplasmas are unable to synthesize nucleotides and need to import them from the host plant. Important genes encode for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and fatty acids are also missing. In addition, because phytoplasmas are the only

known organisms without an ATP-synthase, they probably need to import ATP from the environment as well [5, 7, 8]. This highly specialised nutritional requirements, which typifies biotrophic plant pathogens such as phytoplasmas, probably involves the strict control of host cell metabolism

which is diverted to maintain a suitable environment for the pathogen [9]. The molecular details of the infection process are largely unknown. Initial details were obtained from studies of phytoplasma/plant Selleck JQEZ5 interactions with respect to polyphenol production and the transport of sugar and amino acid and comprehensive differences in gene expression have reported mainly in the experimental host plant periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.) [10, 11]. However, molecular data from the direct investigation of compatible interactions in cultivated Mexican lime tree genotypes are scarce, and witches’ broom disease has received little attention as compared with diseases carried by other RG7420 mouse phytoplasma pathogens, such as Aster yellows phytoplasma [9]. In this study, we applied a cDNA- amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) approach to identify genes that may be expressed differentially in Mexican lime trees infected with “” Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia”". Understanding the basis of susceptibility to the pathogen will assist greatly Janus kinase (JAK) in the development of new control strategies and the identification of pathogen and host factors that are required for disease progression. Results Five months after grafting healthy Mexican

lime trees, plants developed the typical symptoms of witches’ broom (Figure 1). The results of nested PCR further confirmed the incidence of phytoplasma infection in grafted plants (Additional File 1). Analysis with iPhyClassifier revealed that the virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern that was derived from the phytoplasma 16 S rDNA fragment amplified from the diseased specimens was most similar to the reference pattern of the 16Sr group II, subgroup B phytoplasma (GenBank accession: U15442), with a pattern similarity coefficient of 0.99. Therefore, the phytoplasma under study was a variant of 16SrII-B and related to “” Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia”". Figure 1 Healthy and infected plants.