Eur J Nucl Med 2000, 27: 273–282.PubMedCrossRef 39. Reubi JC, Waser B, Schaer JC, Laissue JA: Somatostatin receptor sst1-sst5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradiography with subtype-selective ligands. Eur J Nucl Med 2001, 28: 836–846.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The selleck compound Authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions ZQX and ZLZ carried Target Selective Inhibitor Library out experimental procedures and drafted manuscript. RY participated in its design. CDL and SN revised it critically. SLL and ZXL guaranteed the whole study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of cancer

globally, with approximately 75% of the diagnosed tumors classified as Non-invasive tumor (Ta, Tis, or T1). Treatment of Non-invasive tumor includes transurethral resection (TUR) with or without intravesical instillation therapy, but the recurrence rate is high, ranging from 50% to 70%. In

addition, an average of 10% to 20% for Non-invasive tumors may further progress to muscle-invasive disease, thus lead to eventual radical Cystectomy and urinary diversion [1–3]. In this context, clinicians face challenges to identify the novel therapeutic targets for bladder cancer. Pim-1 is overexpressed in several types of cancer, including lymphoid and haematopoietic Tipifarnib manufacturer malignancies [4], prostate cancer [5], squamous cell carcinomas [6], gastric carcinoma and colorectal carcinomas [7]. Currently available studies have demonstrated that the expression of Pim-1 can be predictive of tumor outcome following chemotherapy and surgery, and it is correlated with the enhanced metastatic potential of the tumor[8]. As a member of serine/threonine kinase family, Pim-1 has multiple roles in tumorigenesis such as promoting transformation and cell proliferation partly through regulation of cell cycle and transcription by phosphorylating of number of substrates including cdc25A/C, HP1, and p100 [9–11]. Moreover, it has been shown that

Pim-1 may play a role in the regulation Dimethyl sulfoxide of the survival signaling through the modulation of Bcl-2 family member including Bad, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL [12–14]. However, the expression and significance of Pim-1 in bladder cancer remains unknown. Therefore, the aims of the present study are to investigate the expression level of Pim-1 in bladder cancer tissue and study its function in the pathogenesis and progression of bladder cancer. Methods Patient samples Sixty-six clinical bladder samples isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou, China), were examined in the present study. All patients including forty-eight men (72.3%) and eighteen women (27.7%), had been treated for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder by transurethral resection of bladder (TUR) or Cystectomy and were diagnosed with a bladder cancer for the first time at an average age of 56 years (range, 33-78 years).