Baurschmidt

[36] reported that the formation of thrombus on the biomaterial surface is correlated with charge transferring from fibrinogen to the material surface. Fibrinogen can transform to fibrin monomer and fibrinopeptides Selleckchem Temozolomide when it losses charge. The crosslink of fibrin monomer causes an irreversible thrombus. Thus, the suitable density of charge will promote the hemocompatibility [37, 38]. A suitable ratio of sp 3 C-N to sp 2 C-N can provide the optimum density of charge to promote hemocompatibility. The possible reason for the decrease of platelet adhesion rates is the significant change in the electronic characteristics due to the increase of sp 3 C-N bond. The hemolysis ratio was calculated learn more by the formula , where A, B, and C are the absorbance values of the specimens, negative control group (physiological salt water), and the positive control group (H2O), respectively [17, 18]. The average OD values of the N+-bombarded MWCNTs with 7.81%, 8.67%, and 9.28% are 0.027, 0.029, and 0.026, respectively. The hemolytic rates of all the N+-bombarded MWCNTs are all 0%. According to the YY/T0127.1 standard, a hemolytic rate below 5% is acceptable [38–40]. These results indicate that the three materials all have good hemocompatibility. Conclusions In this paper, the cytocompatibility

and hemocompatibility of the N+-bombarded MWCNTs with three N atomic percentages are investigated and compared.

The cell adhesion assays indicate clearly that with the increase of nitrogen concentration, the ratio of the sp 2 C-N bond decreases and the sp 3 C-N bond CDK inhibitor increases while the unsaturated degree of the N bond increases. It may increase the number of protein which attached on the material’s surface; so, the adhesion of L-gulonolactone oxidase cells is promoted. Thus, the cytocompatibility of N+-bombarded MWCNTs are promoted with the increase of nitrogen concentration. The blood experiments also show that N+-bombarded MWCNTs with higher nitrogen content displayed lower platelet adhesion rates and lower hemolytic rate values. In conclusion, bombarding N ions into MWCNTs by IBAD is a great feature and desirable for biomaterial industry. Authors’ information MZ is an Assistant Experimentalist in the College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China. YC and XL are Masters degree candidates of College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China. JD is a Lecturer in the College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China. DL is a Professor in the College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China. HG is a Professor in Tianjin Institute of Urological Surgery, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin and in School of Medicine, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.