All. rights reserved.”
“Using an invariant expansion, we build an Hamiltonian describing the influence of the crystal-field, the electron-hole exchange interaction, and any symmetry-breaking perturbations on the fine structure of excitons bound to systems of reduced symmetry: D(2d), C(3v), and C(2v).

Several perturbations are considered, including, but not limited to, an GSK461364 Cell Cycle inhibitor electric field, a magnetic field, a strain field, and their combinations. For each symmetry system considered, symmetrized excitonic wave functions, build from heavy- and light-holes states, are used to expand the Hamiltonian in the form of matrices, whose eigenvalues directly provide the energy of the excitonic states and whose eigenstates can be used to determine oscillator strengths of optical transitions. Using this model, we satisfactorily reproduce the excitonic emission observed from nitrogen dyads in GaAs and tellurium dyads in strained ZnSe. We also present Hamiltonians for independent heavy- and light-hole subsystems. Comparing the two models, we demonstrate that the splitting observed in strained quantum dots of C(2v) symmetry does not necessarily imply a significant anisotropic

Selleckchem PARP inhibitor exchange interaction. This splitting can be produced by a weak coupling between heavy- and light-hole bands. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3457851]“
“A series of narrow-band-gap conjugated copolymers (PFO-DPT) derived from pyrrole, benzothiadiazole, and 9,9-dioctylfluorene (DOF) is prepared by the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with the molar feed ratio of 4,7-bis(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DPT) around 1, 5, 15, 30, and 50%. The obtained polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents. The solutions and the thin solid films of the copolymers absorb light from 300 nm to 600 nm with two absorbance peaks at around 380 run

and 505 nm. The PL emission consists mainly of DPT unit emission at around 624-686 nm depending on the DPT content in solid film. The EL emission peaks are red-shifted from 630 nm for PFO-DPT1 to 660 nm for PFO-DPT50. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated from composite films of copolymer Selleck JAK 抑制剂 and [6,6]-phenyl C(61) butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively, in device configuration: ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PFO-DPT : PCBM/Ba/Al shows power conversion efficiencies 0.15% with open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 0.60 V and short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 0.73 mA/cm(2) under AM1.5 solar simulator (100 mW/cm(2)). (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 1462-1468, 2010″
“Aims: To evaluate the incidence, severity and kinetics of acute and late toxicity from bladder and bowels in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical radiotherapy.

Materials and methods: The retrospective analysis was based on 487 patients with T2, T3 bladder cancer, treated with radiotherapy between 1975 and 1995.