A subset of older adults with high verbal PCI-32765 molecular weight fluency maintained a young-like effect pattern.”
“As the reciprocal of simple allometry equation, power allometry equation can also be used to define allometry scaling but the scaling exponent has an opposite meaning to that of simple allometry equation. Based on this observation, a joint static allometry scaling model of entire body size on multiple partial body size is established, which can not only simultaneously evaluate allometry scaling of multiple partial

body sizes, but also take into account the correlations among multiple partial body sizes, facilitating subsequent statistical inference and practice. Since ontogenetic allometry may be time-dependent, ontogenetic allometry is estimated by jointly analyzing changes of entire and multiple partial body sizes as growth time using multivariate stepwise analysis. Joint analysis of allometry scaling is suitable for multiple biological traits and functions with same property or comparability, which is illustrated by two examples. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Most of us can appreciate that it feels worse to fail when people around you are successful than when others are also failing. Indeed, comparison with other individuals is of central importance within social groups. Despite the importance of relative success or failure for mTOR inhibitor human

decision making and even well-being, the underlying neurobiological substrate of this social comparison process is not well understood. In the present study, ERPs were recorded while two participants received feedback on both their own,

and the other participant’s performance on each trial. The results showed that medial frontal buy PKC412 negativity, an ERP component associated with deviations from the desired outcome, is particularly enhanced when an individual’s own outcomes are worse than those of others. These results indicate that the way the brain evaluates the success of our actions is crucially dependent on the success or failure of others.”
“In this paper we develop a new mathematical model of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic islet beta-cells, and we use this model to investigate the rate limiting factors. We assume that insulin granules reside in different pools inside each beta-cell, and that all beta-cells respond homogeneously to glucose with the same recruitment thresholds. Consistent with recent experimental observations, our model also accounts for the fusion of newcomer granules that are not pre-docked at the plasma membrane. In response to a single step increase in glucose concentration, our model reproduces the characteristic biphasic insulin release observed in multiple experimental systems, including perfused pancreata and isolated islets of rodent or human origin.