7±8.0 8.1±2.1 ND ND ND ND Cantaxanthin ND ND ND ND ND ND HO-keto-γ-carotene 2.9±1.4 9.5±0.6 ND 2.7±2.0 ND 12.2±10.5 HO-keto-torulene ND 20.1±3.6 25.6±12.4 ND 76.4±8.3 72.8±18.0 Keto-γ-carotene 9.8±4.6 32.8±4.6 29.8±0.45 7.1±0.8 50.2±3.5 33.0±2.97 HO-echinenone 1.4±0.8 21.9±5.2 15.7±0.6 3.9±0.1 24.1±1.6 18.8±1.0 Echinenone ND ND ND ND ND ND Lycopene 16.0±1.3 ND ND 11.9±4.9 3.2±0.5 2.9±0.1 γ-carotene 2.4±2.0 7.3±1.6 7.6±0.5 ND 8.8±0.2 15.3±1.7 β-carotene 0.4±0.2 33.2±6.8 20.4±0.7 1.8±1.2 41.8±4.2 31.2±1.4 Total carotenoids 78.9±21.3 347.2±36.9 453±11.1 91.9±7.44
530.3±21.4 625.8±22.9 Strains AVHN2 AV2 – cyp61 (−) Cultivation time (h) 24 72 120 24 72 120 Astaxanthin 15.2±0.8 116.5±7.0 131.8±20.6 16.3±6.1 118.0±59.2 Luminespib in vivo 143.0±64.8 Phoenicoxanthin ND ND ND ND ND ND Cantaxanthin ND ND ND ND ND ND HO-keto-γ-carotene ND 20.0±1.2 17.9±2.8 ND 25.3±7.8 36.8±16.7 HO-keto-torulene 0.7±0.4 27.0±10.4 21.1±2.6 1.1±0.9 62.8±22.3 40.6±9.9 Keto-γ-carotene 3.0±1.07 ND ND 1.7±0.7 FDA-approved Drug Library solubility dmso 13.1±9.25 ND HO-echinenone 2.1±0.6 10.9±5.7 9.9±0.9 ND 9.3±7.3 13.6±2.6 Echinenone ND ND ND ND ND ND Lycopene 1.4±1.0 ND ND ND 4.0±2.5 ND
γ-carotene ND 0.8±0.1 ND ND 2.2±1.7 1.1±0.9 β-carotene 1.0±0.5 19.7±12.0 12.0±2.9 1.9±0.9 25.4±7.6 20.4±4.7 Total carotenoids 24.9±2.8 195.3±33.7 193.4±19.0 25.0±6.9 274.6±24.1 258.6±76.7 Table shows the mean values ± standard deviations of three independent experiments. The HMGR gene expression in the mutant strains was determined with respect to the control (wild-type strain). A) Strains UCD 67–385, 385-CYP61/cyp61 hph and 385-cyp61 hph /cyp61 zeo B) CBS 6938 and CBS-cyp61 hph . C) AVHN2 and Av2-cyp61 zeo . Values are the mean ± standard error of three independent experiments. dendrorhous, only one HMGR gene [GenBank: AJ884949] has been identified, and its deduced amino acid sequence shares O-methylated flavonoid 58% identity and 73.4% similarity with HMG1, one of the two HMG-CoA reductases in S.