65503 to −1530.26282; for recombinant Pg-AMP1, −2335.47974

to −1945.35217. PROCHECK and ProSA analysis shows that the generated structures are in agreement with dihedral angles of known structures. For Pg-AMP1, Ramachandran plot shows 91.7% of residues in favored (77.8%) plus allowed regions (13.9%) for the worst model and 100% of residues in favored (94.4%) plus allowed regions (5.6%) for Bleomycin mw the best one. For recombinant Pg-AMP1, it shows 90.7% in favored (72.1%) plus allowed regions (18.6%) for the worst model and 100% of residues in favored (88.4%) plus allowed regions (11.6%) for the best one. The overall G-factors vary from −2.86 to −1.48 for Pg-AMP1 models; for recombinant Pg-AMP1 models they vary from −0.19 to −0.07, which indicates

that the models are ordinary structures. Z-scores on ProSA indicate that the structures have similar quality to that solved by magnetic nuclear resonance. They vary from −3.36 to −1.47 for Pg-AMP1 and −3.9 to −2.16 for recombinant Pg-AMP1. The refined structures have the same overall fold of the first structure yielded by QUARK, one α-helix, ranging from Pro4 to Tyr19, and a random Nintedanib mouse coil (Fig. 4); some structures from recombinant Pg-AMP1 show an α-helix that is one or two residues longer at N-termini than Pg-AMP1. These data suggest that both Pg-AMP1 and its recombinant form can assume several conformations, which may have a great importance in its activity. Several AMPs selleck chemical have being described as antibacterial and antifungal, generally promoting pathogen membrane disruption or affecting DNA, RNA and\or protein synthesis and regulation pathways [9] and [16]. Nevertheless, different bacterial resistance mechanisms have being observed including modification on membrane surface charges, membrane proteins composition or proteolytic enzymes secretion [2]. Perron et al. [29] related the resistance development to pexiganan (an analog of magainin I) in E. coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens after 600–700 generations of exposition to this peptide. By this way, Peschel and Sahl [30] suggested that resistance to cationic peptides

may co-evolve with the pathogen. In spite of the presence of AMPs mechanisms of resistance, these compounds have emerged as promising candidates for antibiotics development [11]. Some products using AMPs have been developed by the pharmaceutical industry’s such as Mx-226, which is used as a topical antibiotic for the prevention of catheter-related infections and the pexigan, that makes part of a topical cream utilized for diabetics foot ulcers treatment [9]. Among the AMPs, the GRPs have also shown potent antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial peptide Pg-AMP1, a glycine-rich AMP from Psidium guajava that has 14 identified glycine residues (22.5%) ( Fig. 1), was purified for the first time by Pelegrini et al. [28], showing clear antibacterial activity.