In addition, there was an increase in intermediate size filaments in the hypertrophic detrusor smooth muscle cells. The dense plaques in the
inner membrane of hypertrophied detrusor smooth muscle were longer than those of the control. Detrusor smooth muscle from hypertrophied bladder revealed a decreased number of caveolae and a lack of their orderly distribution at the plasma membrane. Western blotting showed decreased expression of caveolin-1, 2 and 3 in hypertrophied detrusor smooth muscle.
Conclusions: Caveolae serve as platforms for proteins and receptors that have a role in signal transduction. The decreased Nirogacestat mw number of caveolae and caveolin protein expression in hypertrophied detrusor smooth muscle might contribute to alterations in signal transduction pathways that regulate the downstream effects of agonist induced contraction, including calcium sensitization, observed in obstructed bladder. In addition, the increased number of intermediate size filaments in the hypertrophied detrusor smooth muscle is likely
click here to alter the cytoskeletal structure and affect the cellular transmission of passive and/or active force.”
“INTRODUCTION: Patients who undergo posterior cervical spinal fusion procedures frequently experience significant postoperative pain. Use of a local anesthetic continuous infusion pump after surgery may improve these outcome variables.
METHODS: After posterior cervical spine fusion procedures, 25 consecutive patients received continuous infusion of 0.5% bupivacaine into the subfascial aspects of the wound via an elastomeric pump. Data were collected prospectively by third party assessment using standard
nursing protocols. This included numeric pain scores and opiate use over the first 4 postoperative days (PODs), length of hospitalization, FAD and complications. In a retrospective analysis, we compared each study patient to a control patient who did not receive the continuous infusion of bupivacaine. Demographic variables and surgical procedure were similar among matched cases.
RESULTS: Patients receiving continuous local anesthetic infusion used significantly less narcotics (P < .05) during the first 4 PODs: 24.4% on day 1, 34.1% on day 2, 53.5% on day 3, and 58.1% on day 4. A lower average pain score was observed among study patients on each POD (P < .05): 31.5% less on day 1, 13.0% on day 2, 24.0% on day 3, and 35.7% on day 4. Patients with the infusion device were discharged home earlier (POD 4.9 versus 6.7; P = .024) and demonstrated improvement in time to ambulation, first bowel movement, and discontinuation of the patient-controlled analgesia machine. No complications were associated with the device.
CONCLUSION: Patients with the local anesthetic continuous infusion device required less narcotics and reported lower pain scores than control patients on each of the first 4 PODs.