In fact, the percentage increase in neutrophil count in the P group on the first day of the training camp was 200.4 ± 6.9% (mean ± SEM), while that on the last day of the training camp, 149.5 ± 14.4%, CX-6258 solubility dmso was significantly lower (p = 0.015, paired t-test). The lymphocyte count dropped to 36.2 ± 4.3% and 56.8 ±
9.5% of pre-exercise values on the first and last days of the training camp, respectively, with lymphocyte reduction on the last day being slightly lower (p = 0.095, paired t-test). As shown in Figure 3C, a significant increase in salivary cortisol (and index of stress) was observed following intense exercise on the first day, but on the last day of the training camp (Figure 3D), no change was observed (P group; 245.7 ± 52.3 vs. 100.2 ± 17.8%; p = 0.022, paired t-test). Relative changes in blood IL-6 level (indicator of inflammation) https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Trichostatin-A.html accompanying intense exercise tended to be lower on the last day compared to the first day of the training camp (P group; 514.4 P505-15 mouse ± 66.9 vs. 406.3 ± 66.9%;
p = 0.063, paired t-test). The above results indicated that no significant effect of CT intake was observed on the last day of the training camp because the subjects had developed stronger physical ability through continuous training during the training camp, and thus significant increases in inflammatory reaction or reduced immunological function did not occur to the same extent on the last day. Suzuki et al. reported 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase that the percentage increase in neutrophil count accompanying exercise decreases with repeated training [24]. This suggests that CT intake may function to suppress excessive inflammatory reaction only when excessive inflammatory reaction occurs. In this study, blood CPK and Mb levels were examined to study the breakdown of skeletal muscles accompanying intense exercise. As shown in Figure 2, both CPK and Mb levels
increased significantly in both groups accompanying intense exercise on both the first and last days of the training camp. However, the percentage increase in Mb level following exercise was significantly lower in the CT group only on the first day of the training camp. CPK and Mb have both been reported to be discharged into blood by myocytolysis triggered by inflammation caused by intense exercise [14, 26]. However, in this analysis, the percentage increase in CPK after exercise in the P group was 120-160%, while that in Mb was 800-950%. The increase in CPK after exercise has been reported to be late onset, while that in Mb level occurs immediately after exercising [24]. As the blood samples were collected immediately after exercise in this study, the CPK values measured here were probably not the peak value after exercise.