For promoter deletion
analysis experiments, statistical analysis was performed by using repeated measures of ANOVA, and the Bonferroni method was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. GraphPad InStat Software (La Jolla, CA) was used to perform these analyses. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Public Health Service grants AI070908 and AI055052 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. We thank Dr. Steven Lindow, Department of Plant and Microbiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, for the kind gift of the pPROBE-NT plasmid. This manuscript is a contribution from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, no. 08-364-J. References 1. Dawson JE, Anderson BE, Fishbein DB, Sanchez CY, Goldsmith CY, Wilson Sapanisertib order KH, et al.: Isolation and characterization of an Ehrlichia sp. from a patient diagnosed with human ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol 1991, 29:2741–2745.PubMed 2. Paddock CD, Childs JE: Ehrlichia chaffeensis:
a prototypical emerging pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003, 16:37–64.PubMedCrossRef 3. Andrew HR, Norval RA: The carrier status of sheep, cattle and African buffalo recovered from heartwater. find more Vet Parasitol 1989, 34:261–266.PubMedCrossRef 4. Dumler JS, Sutker WL, Walker DH: Persistent Infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Clin Infect Avelestat (AZD9668) Dis 1993, 17:903–905.PubMed 5. Davidson WR, Lockhart JM, Stallknecht DE, Howerth EW, Dawson JE, Rechav Y: Persistent Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in white-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 2001, 37:538–546.PubMed 6. French DM, Brown WC, Palmer GH: Emergence of Anaplasma marginale antigenic variants during persistent rickettsemia. Infect Immun 1999, 67:5834–5840.PubMed 7. Stuen S, Engvall EO, Artursson K: Persistence of Ehrlichia phagocytophila infection in lambs in relation to clinical parameters and antibody responses. Vet Rec 1998, 143:553–555.PubMedCrossRef 8. Zeidner NS, Dolan MC, Massung R, Piesman J, Fish D: Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis suppresses
IL-2 and IFN gamma production and promotes an IL-4 response in C3H/HeJ mice. Parasite Immunol 2000, 22:581–588.PubMedCrossRef 9. Ganta RR, Cheng C, Miller EC, McGuire BL, Peddireddi L, Sirigireddy KR, et al.: Differential clearance and immune responses to tick cell-derived JQ1 solubility dmso versus macrophage culture-derived Ehrlichia chaffeensis in mice. Infect Immun 2007, 75:135–145.PubMedCrossRef 10. Barbet AF, Lundgren A, Yi J, Rurangirwa FR, Palmer GH: Antigenic variation of Anaplasma marginale by expression of MSP2 mosaics. Infect Immun 2000, 68:6133–6138.PubMedCrossRef 11. Brayton KA, Meeus PF, Barbet AF, Palmer GH: Simultaneous variation of the immunodominant outer membrane proteins, MSP2 and MSP3, during anaplasma marginale persistence in vivo.