For instance, the Cataldo group is devoted in a series of publications (Cataldo et al. 2011a, b, c) to investigation of the radiolysis of amino acids, known from their presence in meteorites. Radiation induced changes of organic compounds start from dehydrogenation (Zagórski 2006a, b)—energetically the easiest way; later comes deamination and decarboxylation. These phenomena exclude a possibility of transfer of life from far corners of the Universe, the concept still alive as the panspermia hypothesis (Zagórski 2007). Answering

the question in the title of the summary, one can say that the ionizing radiation could be a “friend” as being involved in creation of organics (e.g of methane from carbon dioxide, Zagórski et al. unpublished), or polymerization of acetylene, probably present find more in aqueous systems near volcanos). As concerns radiation being a “foe”, one can consider the depolymerization action on compounds already formed before. On the other hand, the chemical bond’s disruptive action on information transmitting compounds (RNA and later DNA) was contributing

to mutations, decisive elements in the Darwinian evolution of Life. In conclusion, the role of ionizing radiation in origins of life and early evolution cannot be neglected and demands further research in both categories of friend and foe. Acknowledgments GS-9973 manufacturer The membership in the Management Committee (2008–2012) of the European COST action CM0703 (Systems Chemistry) is www.selleckchem.com/products/Vorinostat-saha.html acknowledged. The project is supported by the grant from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education no. 365/N-COST/2008/0 (2008–2012). Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. References Cataldo F et al (2011a) Solid state radiolysis of amino acids in an astrochemical perspective. Rad Phys Chem 80:57–65CrossRef Cataldo F et al (2011b) Solid state radiolysis of sulfur-containing amino acids:cysteine, cysteine

and methionine. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 287:573–580CrossRef Cataldo F et al (2011c) A detailed analysis of the properties of radiolyzed proteinaceous amino acids. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 287:903–911CrossRef Miller SL (1953) cAMP A production of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions. Science 117:528–529PubMedCrossRef Miller SL (1955) Production of some organic compounds under possible primitive Earth conditions. J Am Chem Soc 77:2351–2361CrossRef Zagórski ZP (2006a) Abstraction of hydrogen from organic matters caused by ionizing radiation in outer space. Orig Life Evol Biosph 36:244–246 Zagórski ZP (2006b) Radiation induced dehydrogenation of organics: from amino acids to synthetic polymers to bacterial spores. Indian J Radiat Res 3:89–93 Zagórski ZP (2007) Relation of panspermia hypothesis to astrobiology.