The modulation of cell-mediated immunity by microorganisms has been demonstrated in periodontal disease since the 1970s [18–21]. By contrast, LDE225 order programmed cell death, as well as the expression of proteins Fas and Bcl-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) under stimulation by periodontopathogens, have not received

appropriate consideration. To investigate the hypothesis that P. gingivalis antigens, including HmuY, may be involved in the apoptotic response of T cells, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression of Fas and Bcl-2 under stimulation by total P. gingivalis antigens present in sonicated crude extract, as well as by purified recombinant P. gingivalis HmuY protein. Results The periodontitis patients and the healthy subjects were comparable regarding to the gender, age and number of teeth present in the mouth as shown in the Table 1. As expected, periodontal condition were worse in the periodontitis patients. Table 1 Clinical findings of control subjects without periodontitis (NP) and patients with chronic periodontitis (CP)   NP CP P Number of Men /Women 3/18 5/13 0.622 Age (years) (Mean ± SD) 36 ±15.67 40.11 ± 14.67 0.231 Number of Teeth (Mean ± SD) 22.56 ±7.45 22.65 ± 7.12 0.914 % BOP (Mean ± SD) 6.31 ± 13.93 35.82 ± 26.28 0.001 % PD ≥ 4 (Mean ± SD) 1.31 ± 1.94 14.71 ± 10.52

learn more 0.001 % CAL ≥ 3 (Mean ± SD) 12.26 ± 18.96 28.79 ± 26.04 0.059 SD Standard Deviation, BOP Bleeding on Probing, PD Probing Depth, CAL Clinical Attachment Loss. The data presented herein refer to CD3+ T cells and demonstrate that Rolziracetam higher levels of HmuY-induced Bcl-2 expression were obtained in cells derived

from CP subjects in comparison to individuals without periodontal disease (NP) (P = 0.043) (Figure 1). On the other hand, it was observed statistically significant lower levels of Bcl-2 expression in cells derived from NP subjects stimulated with HmuY in comparison with the cells derived from the same group cultured only with culture medium (P = 0,011). Furthermore, the cells from CP patients exhibited a tendency towards increased Bcl-2 expression under stimulation by HmuY when compared to those stimulated by P. gingivalis crude extract or to cells cultured in the absence of stimulus (Figure 1). Figure 1 Bcl-2 expression by CD3 + T cells derived from chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and subjects without periodontitis (NP) upon stimulation (48 h) with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 crude extract (Pg33277), purified recombinant P. gingivalis HmuY protein (HmuY), or without stimulus (Cells) as evaluated by flow cytometry. *p = 0.043, ‡p = 0,011. Under HmuY stimulation, no statistically significant differences in Fas expression were observed between the two groups studied. However, a tendency toward elevated levels of Fas expression were observed in CD3+ T cells derived from CP patients when compared to NP subjects (Figure 2).