Nanotechnology 2008, 19:015603.CrossRef 21. Damm C, Münstedt H: Kinetic aspects of the silver ion release from antimicrobial polyamide/silver nanocomposites. Appl Phys A 2008, 91:479–486.CrossRef 22. Sanpui P, Murugadoss A, Prasad PV, Ghosh SS, Chattopadhyay A: The antibacterial properties of a novel
chitosan-Ag-nanoparticle composite. Int J Food Microbiol 2008, 124:142–146.CrossRef 23. Fayaz AM, Ao Z, Girilal M, Chen L, Xiao X, Kalaichelvan PT, Yao X: AZD3965 Inactivation of microbial infectiousness by silver nanoparticles-coated condom: a new approach to inhibit HIV- and HSV-transmitted infection. Int J Nanomed 2012, 7:5007–5018. 24. Shi C, Zhu Y, Ran X, Wang M, Su Y, Cheng T: Therapeutic potential of chitosan and its derivatives in regenerative medicine. J Surg Res 2006, 133:185–192.CrossRef 25. Mori Y, Tagawa T, Fujita M, Kuno T, Suzuki S, Matsui T, Ishihara M: Simple and environmentally friendly preparation and size control of silver nanoparticles using an inhomogeneous system with silver-containing glass powder. J Nanopart Res 2011, 13:2799–2806.CrossRef 26. Reed LJ, Muench H: A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Hyg 1938, 27:493–497. 27. LaBarre CH5424802 concentration DD, Lowy RJ: Improvements
in methods for calculating virus titer estimates from TCID50 and plaque assays. J Virol Methods 2001, 96:107–126.CrossRef 28. An J, Luo Q, Yuan X, Wang D, Li X: Preparation and characterization of silver-chitosan nanocomposite particles PtdIns(3,4)P2 with antimicrobial activity. J Appl Polym Sci 2011, 120:3180–3189.CrossRef 29. Sosa IO, Noguez C, Barrera RG:
Optical properties of metal nanoparticles with arbitrary shapes. J Phys Chem B 2003, 107:6269–6275.CrossRef 30. Lara HH, Garza-Treviño EN, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Singh DK: Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds. J Nanobiotechnology 2011, 9:30.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions YMo designed the research, performed the experiments, and drafted the manuscript and the figures. TO guided and performed the viral study. YMi supervised the virus study. VQN performed some of the experiments. TM participated in the design of the research. MI supervised and coordinated the study and approved the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Diabetes is caused by absolute or relatively insufficient insulin secretion. Hitherto, there is no cure for diabetes. Treatment with insulin prolongs survival and improves glycemic control, and current standard diabetes treatment regimens with insulin replacement remain away from ideal. Transplantation of either isolated islets or the whole pancreas provides another mode for insulin replacement [1] but is often accompanied by many undesirable side effects [2–4].