However, the crucial immunological role of the spleen in combating bacterial infections, MCC950 cost in particular pneumonias, has led to a search for splenic-preserving techniques whenever possible. Yet, laparoscopic partial splenectomies are still rarely described possibly due to difficulties in controlling intra-operative parenchymal bleeding during splenic transection.

Here, we present a case series of laparoscopic partial splenectomies using a new technique. The main splenic artery and vein were temporarily clamped using a detachable clip. Transection of the spleen was possible working with the LigaSure (TM) instrument. After transection, the margin was sealed with a collagen fleece.

In one case of a haemangioma, the patient underwent a radiological coil embolisation of the feeding arteries of the splenic pole in question. This was done 4 weeks prior to surgery and included embolisation of the tumour.

Three patients (2 males, 1 female, mean age 58.3 years) have been successfully treated using a detachable clamp. The pre-surgical mean size of the spleen was 8.0 x 16.7 cm (range 6 x 14-11

x 22 cm). The removed specimens had a mean size of 4.2 x 5.5 cm (range 2.5 selleck screening library x 4.0-5.0 x 6.5 cm). The time of surgery averaged 144 min (range 110-187 min). Blood loss was minimal thereby avoiding the need for blood transfusions. The post-surgical course was uneventful; patients were discharged 5 days following surgery. Histopathology showed a benign splenic haemangioma, a benign splenic hamartoma and the presence of Hodgkin’s disease stage III.

The technique of laparoscopic partial splenectomy and, in certain patients, pre-surgical partial splenic embolisation is safe and effective for patients with localised diseases of the spleen. This approach combines the benefits of the minimal surgical access with saving a significant amount of splenic tissue, thereby preserving the immune function of the spleen.”
“Purpose of review

This study reviews recent insights into racial differences in bone from 2010 to 2011.

Recent findings

Recent studies

have focused on expanding our current understanding of responsible mechanisms for racial differences in osteoporotic fracture risk. Using newer, three-dimensional imaging techniques, these studies demonstrated that racial differences in bone mass and structure are apparent GSK2879552 nmr early in adolescence, even when accounting for differences in bone size and muscle mass by race. In addition, recent studies using genetic admixture analysis showed that greater percentage of African admixture was independently associated with higher bone mass and more favorable parameters of bone strength in children and adults. Furthermore, recent studies showed that the relationships between 25-hydoxyvitamin D and bone outcomes differed by race, with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels being associated with lower bone quality and higher fracture risk in whites but not blacks.