70 and 0.68, respectively. Unlike serum prostate specific antigen the PCA3 score did not increase

with prostate volume. PCA3 assay sensitivity and specificity were equivalent at serum prostate specific antigen less than 4, 4 to 10 and more than 10 ng/ml. A logistic regression algorithm using PCA3, serum prostate specific antigen, prostate volume and digital rectal examination result increased the AUC from 0.69 for PCA3 alone to Mdivi1 chemical structure 0.75 (p = 0.0002).

Conclusions: PCA3 is independent of prostate volume, serum prostate specific antigen level and the number of prior biopsies. The quantitative PCA3 score correlated with the probability of positive biopsy. Logistic regression results suggest that the PCA3 score could be incorporated into a nomogram for improved prediction of biopsy outcome. The results of this study provide further evidence that PCA3 is a useful adjunct to current methods for prostate cancer diagnosis.”
“Purpose: Blood levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 soluble receptor have been associated with aggressive primary and metastatic prostate cancer. We hypothesized that patients with increased plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-6 Vemurafenib nmr and/or interleukin-6 soluble receptor after

radical prostatectomy would be more likely to harbor occult metastases, leading to disease progression despite effective local control of disease.

Materials Racecadotril and Methods: Plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 soluble receptor were measured 6 to 8 weeks after surgery in 291 consecutive

patients treated with radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. Discrimination and validation of multivariate Cox regression models targeting time to biochemical progression were used to quantify the added value of these markers to predictive accuracy (concordance index) after internal validation with 200 bootstrap resamples.

Results: On multivariate analysis adjusting for standard postoperative features postoperative plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1 was the only biomarker independently associated with biochemical progression (p<0.001). The addition of postoperative transforming growth factor-beta 1 improved the accuracy of the standard postoperative model from 78.4% to 84.1%, representing a 5.7% gain (p<0.001). Of patients who experienced biochemical progression postoperative transforming growth factor-beta 1 was significantly higher in those with features of aggressive disease progression, ie development of metastasis, prostate specific antigen doubling time less than 10 months and/or failure to respond to local salvage radiation therapy (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Postoperative interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 soluble receptor have limited clinical usefulness in prostate cancer.