The results suggest

that professional translators, clinical experts and cognitive debriefing are all required to achieve a culturally appropriate instrument. The Portuguese CHO-KLAT2.0 is well understood by Sao Paulo boys/parents. The next step will be to test its Dabrafenib molecular weight validity and reliability locally. “
“The half-life of factor VIII (FVIII) increases with the age of the patient, while studies on recombinant factor IX (rFIX) and factor VIIa (rFVIIa) have not demonstrated corresponding age-related changes. The purpose of this analysis was to relate the changes in FVIII and rFIX pharmacokinetics (PK) with age to developmental changes in body size and fluid volumes and explain why the elimination half-life of FVIII, but not of rFIX, would change with age, and to consider how the findings could be applied prospectively to other coagulation factors. Published PK data for FVIII from 186 patients aged 1–74 years and for rFIX from 56 patients aged 4–56 years were used. The relationships of FVIII and rFIX clearance (CL) with body weight could be described by allometric expressions. Relative changes in CL with age or weight were similar for FVIII and rFIX. FK228 solubility dmso The age-related change in volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) of rFIX was parallel to the change in CL in the children while for FVIII the change was much less pronounced. Elimination half-life was clearly age-dependent for FVIII while only a

very weak trend could be seen for rFIX. Limited data suggest that rFVIIa in this respect resembles rFIX, with parallel changes in CL and Vss producing insignificant change in half-life. To what extent the elimination half-life of a coagulation factor would show a correlation with age can in principle be predicted from the characteristics of its CL and distribution. “
“Summary.  Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates for haemophilia A patients are dosed according to body weight. This results in a continuous range of prescribed doses, which challenges pharmacies to find dosage strengths closest to the prescribed dose while utilizing the least number of vials. This

study was conducted to determine whether a broader selection of FVIII dosage strengths results in improved dispensing accuracy and an MCE increased number of single-vial users. This research retrospectively analyzed a US pharmacy database of prescriptions filled in 2008. Recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) therapies were classified by the range of dosage strengths offered in 2008: Group 1 had three dosage strengths; Group 2 had four dosage strengths; and Group 3 had six dosage strengths. A total of 76 584 dispensed doses of rFVIII for 1 244 patients were included in this analysis. Dispensing accuracy (calculated as both the absolute and relative difference between dispensed and prescribed dose) was significantly better for Group 3 (23.2 IU, 1.2%) than Groups 1 (33.5 IU, 1.6%) and 2 (50.2 IU, 2.4%) (both P < 0.01).