The carrier had no effect on disease control. Inhibition of conidial germination and germ-tube extension of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici by cell-free filtrates of B. brevis cultures varied www.selleckchem.com/products/obeticholic-acid.html significantly depending on the culture medium used for suspension. These results indicate that B. brevis is a potential biological control agent for reducing the impact of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici on tomato. “
“Suspected

phytoplasma and virus-like symptoms of little leaf, yellow mosaic and witches’ broom were recorded on soya bean and two weed species (Digitaria sanguinalis and Parthenium hysterophorus), at experimental fields of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, in August–September 2013. The phytoplasma aetiology was confirmed in symptomatic soya bean and both the weed species by direct and nested PCR assays

with phytoplasma-specific universal primer pairs (P1/P6 and R16F2n/R16R2n). One major leafhopper species viz. Empoasca motti Pruthi feeding on symptomatic soya bean plants was also found phytoplasma positive in nested PCR assays. Sequencing BLASTn search analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16Sr DNA sequences of phytoplasma isolates of soya bean, weeds and leafhoppers had 99% sequence identity among themselves and were related to strains of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Small molecule library research buy asteris’. PCR assays with Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) coat-protein-specific primers yielded an amplicon of approximately 770 bp both from symptomatic soya bean and from whiteflies (Bemisia

tabaci) feeding on soya bean, confirmed the MCE presence of MYMIV in soya bean and whitefly. Hence, this study suggested the mixed infection of MYMIV and ‘Ca. P. asteris’ with soya bean yellow leaf and witches’ broom syndrome. The two weed species (D. sanguinalis and P. hysterophorus) were recorded as putative alternative hosts for ‘Ca. P. asteris’ soya bean Indian strain. However, the leafhopper E. motti was recorded as putative vector for the identified soya bean phytoplasma isolate, and the whitefly (B. tabaci) was identified as vector of MYMIV which belonged to Asia-II-1 genotype. “
“There is a growing need for virus sensors with improved sensitivity and dynamic range for disease diagnosis, pharmaceutical research, agriculture and homeland security. Membrane-engineered animal cells bearing antibodies against viral antigens have been previously used for biorecognition biosensors for the ultrarapid (3 min), sensitive (1 ng/ml) detection of plant viruses, such as the cucumber mosaic virus. We here report a new approach for the construction of cell-based sensors for virus detection, based on membrane (antibody)-engineered bacteria. The novel method was applied for the detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) using sensors containing modified Escherichia coli XL-1Blue MRF’ bacteria. E. coli membranes have been engineered with electro-inserted, virus-homologous antibodies.