Results showed that the chronic plus binge ethanol feeding markedly increased autophagy in the liver in young mice and less in old mice. Hepatic expression of selleck kinase inhibitor Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) was lower in old mice when compared to young mice. These findings suggest that aging down-regulates hepatic Sirt1 protein expression. Consequently inhibiting auto-phagy and exacerbating alcoholic liver injury. However, further studies must be done

to elucidate the mechanism involved in alcoholic liver disease due to chronic alcohol exposure and aging. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Teresa Ramirez, Yongmei Li, Dechun Feng, Huan Xu, Bin Gao Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the adult and pediatric population and is a complex disease with both environmental and genetic components. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a polymorphism in the gene PNPLA3 that has a strong association with risk and severity of NAFLD, with the variant allele of PNPLA3 being associated with more severe biochemical and histological abnormalities. Romidepsin concentration The protein product of PNPLA3, or adiponutrin, is involved in lipid metabolism, but its exact function in humans remains unclear. The pattern of expression of adiponutrin is different in

mice and humans, making it difficult to extrapolate findings from animal models. Using TAL effector nuclease (TALEN) technology, we have designed TALENs specific to the PNPLA3 SNP. Subsequently, we have generated isogenic lines of human induced pluripotent cells (hIPSCs) from a known genetic background with the variant and

wild-type homozygous alleles of PNPLA3 using these site specific TALENs. We are able to induce differentiation of hIPSC to hepatocyte like cells (HLC) that have typical morphology and lineage specific markers. We will use hIPSC derived HLCs with the wild type and risk alleles of PNPLA3 to test the hypothesis that polymorphisms of PNPLA3 induce abnormal lipid processing as a potential early pathogenic event in NAFLD. To our knowledge, this is the first set of isogenic lines of hIPSCs designed specifically with the PNPLA3 wild type and variant alleles. These lines of cells are invaluable Nabilone in studying the genetic contribution of this polymorphism, as it is a human model that can be analyzed in vitro to translate genetic variation into observable cellular phenotypes that may confer risk to develop a disease. We are comparing intracellular lipid accumulation by flow cytometry analysis of nile red staining of HLC and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism including ChREBP, SREBP1, PNPLA2, and PPARa. The next aim is to translate this model to a clinical model by developing patient specific hepatocytes and provide the critical clinical link that is required in the study of human disease.